Religion in Hungary – everything you need to know

Religion plays a significant role in the culture and history of Hungary. Here’s an overview of religion in Hungary, including its historical context, major religious groups, and religious freedom.

1. Historical Context:
   • Hungary has a long history of religious diversity and tolerance. It was initially converted to Christianity in the 10th century when King Stephen I of Hungary adopted Christianity as the state religion.
   • Throughout its history, Hungary has been influenced by various religious groups, including Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Protestantism, Judaism, and Islam.
2. Major Religious Groups:
   • Roman Catholicism: The majority of Hungarians identify as Roman Catholics. The Roman Catholic Church has a strong presence in Hungary, with numerous churches and religious institutions.
   • Protestantism: Various Protestant denominations exist in Hungary, including Lutheranism and Calvinism. These communities have historical significance and continue to have a significant presence.
   • Eastern Orthodoxy: Although a minority, the Eastern Orthodox Christian community in Hungary has a long history, with churches primarily serving ethnic Serbs and Greeks.
   • Judaism: Hungary has a Jewish community, particularly in Budapest. However, it significantly decreased in size after the Holocaust during World War II.
   • Islam: Hungary has a small Muslim community, primarily consisting of ethnic minorities like Roma and immigrants.
3. Religious Freedom:
   • Hungary’s constitution guarantees religious freedom, and individuals have the right to practice their religion freely.
   • The Hungarian government officially recognizes and provides support to several religious denominations. This recognition allows these religious groups to receive financial assistance and tax benefits.
   • Unrecognized religious groups can still operate but do not receive the same level of state support.
4. Religious Holidays:
   • Some of the major religious holidays celebrated in Hungary include Christmas (Karácsony), Easter (Húsvét), and All Saints’ Day (Mindenszentek). These holidays often include both religious and secular traditions.
5. Churches and Religious Sites:
   • Hungary is home to many historic churches, cathedrals, monasteries, and synagogues that reflect its rich religious heritage.
   • St. Stephen’s Basilica in Budapest and the Esztergom Basilica are among the notable Catholic churches.
   • The Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest is one of the largest synagogues in Europe.
6. Secularization and Decline in Religious Affiliation:
   • Like many European countries, Hungary has experienced a decline in religious affiliation in recent decades. A significant portion of the population identifies as non-religious or atheist.
   • Despite this trend, religious traditions and cultural elements continue to be important in Hungarian society.
7. Religious Education:
   • Hungary offers religious education in schools, with students having the option to attend classes in their chosen religion or ethics classes if they are non-religious.
8. Interfaith Relations:
   • Hungary generally has good interfaith relations, and religious tolerance is upheld by the government.

In summary, religion in Hungary has a diverse history and includes various religious groups, with Roman Catholicism being the largest. The country has a tradition of religious tolerance and guarantees religious freedom to its citizens. However, like many European nations, Hungary has experienced a decline in religious affiliation and an increase in secularism in recent years.